');mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8, ');mask-mode:alpha;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;border-radius:0}}.wp-block-latest-comments__comment{line-height:1.1;list-style:none;margin-bottom:1em}.has-avatars .wp-block-latest-comments__comment{min-height:2.25em;list-style:none}.has-avatars .wp-block-latest-comments__comment .wp-block-latest-comments__comment-excerpt,.has-avatars .wp-block-latest-comments__comment .wp-block-latest-comments__comment-meta{margin-left:3.25em}.has-dates .wp-block-latest-comments__comment,.has-excerpts .wp-block-latest-comments__comment{line-height:1.5}.wp-block-latest-comments__comment-excerpt p{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.8;margin:.36em 0 1.4em}.wp-block-latest-comments__comment-date{display:block;font-size:.75em}.wp-block-latest-comments .avatar,.wp-block-latest-comments__comment-avatar{border-radius:1.5em;display:block;float:left;height:2.5em;margin-right:.75em;width:2.5em}.wp-block-latest-posts.alignleft{margin-right:2em}.wp-block-latest-posts.alignright{margin-left:2em}.wp-block-latest-posts.wp-block-latest-posts__list{list-style:none}.wp-block-latest-posts.wp-block-latest-posts__list li{clear:both}.wp-block-latest-posts.is-grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:0}.wp-block-latest-posts.is-grid li{margin:0 1.25em 1.25em 0;width:100%}@media (min-width:600px){.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-2 li{width:calc(50% - .625em)}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-2 li:nth-child(2n){margin-right:0}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-3 li{width:calc(33.33333% - .83333em)}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-3 li:nth-child(3n){margin-right:0}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-4 li{width:calc(25% - .9375em)}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-4 li:nth-child(4n){margin-right:0}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-5 li{width:calc(20% - 1em)}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-5 li:nth-child(5n){margin-right:0}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-6 li{width:calc(16.66667% - 1.04167em)}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-6 li:nth-child(6n){margin-right:0}}.wp-block-latest-posts__post-author,.wp-block-latest-posts__post-date{display:block;color:#555;font-size:.8125em}.wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt{margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:1em}.wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image a{display:inline-block}.wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image img{height:auto;width:auto}.wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image.alignleft{margin-right:1em}.wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image.alignright{margin-left:1em}.wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image.aligncenter{margin-bottom:1em;text-align:center}.block-editor-image-alignment-control__row .components-base-control__field{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.block-editor-image-alignment-control__row .components-base-control__field .components-base-control__label{margin-bottom:0}ol.has-background,ul.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-media-text{
/*!rtl:begin:ignore*/direction:ltr;
/*!rtl:end:ignore*/display:-ms-grid;display:grid;-ms-grid-columns:50% 1fr;grid-template-columns:50% 1fr;-ms-grid-rows:auto;grid-template-rows:auto}.wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right{-ms-grid-columns:1fr 50%;grid-template-columns:1fr 50%}.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-top .wp-block-media-text__content,.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-top .wp-block-media-text__media{-ms-grid-row-align:start;align-self:start}.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-center .wp-block-media-text__content,.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-center .wp-block-media-text__media,.wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__content,.wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__media{-ms-grid-row-align:center;align-self:center}.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-bottom .wp-block-media-text__content,.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-bottom .wp-block-media-text__media{-ms-grid-row-align:end;align-self:end}.wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__media{
/*!rtl:begin:ignore*/-ms-grid-column:1;grid-column:1;-ms-grid-row:1;grid-row:1;
/*!rtl:end:ignore*/margin:0}.wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__content{direction:ltr;
/*!rtl:begin:ignore*/-ms-grid-column:2;grid-column:2;-ms-grid-row:1;grid-row:1;
/*!rtl:end:ignore*/padding:0 8%;word-break:break-word}.wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right .wp-block-media-text__media{
/*!rtl:begin:ignore*/-ms-grid-column:2;grid-column:2;-ms-grid-row:1;grid-row:1
/*!rtl:end:ignore*/}.wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right .wp-block-media-text__content{
/*!rtl:begin:ignore*/-ms-grid-column:1;grid-column:1;-ms-grid-row:1;grid-row:1
/*!rtl:end:ignore*/}.wp-block-media-text__media img,.wp-block-media-text__media video{max-width:unset;width:100%;vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-media-text.is-image-fill figure.wp-block-media-text__media{height:100%;min-height:250px;background-size:cover}.wp-block-media-text.is-image-fill figure.wp-block-media-text__media>img{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}@media (max-width:600px){.wp-block-media-text.is-stacked-on-mobile{-ms-grid-columns:100%!important;grid-template-columns:100%!important}.wp-block-media-text.is-stacked-on-mobile .wp-block-media-text__media{-ms-grid-column:1;grid-column:1;-ms-grid-row:1;grid-row:1}.wp-block-media-text.is-stacked-on-mobile .wp-block-media-text__content{-ms-grid-column:1;grid-column:1;-ms-grid-row:2;grid-row:2}}.wp-block-navigation:not(.has-background) .wp-block-navigation__container .wp-block-navigation-link:not(.has-text-color){color:#1e1e1e}.wp-block-navigation:not(.has-background) .wp-block-navigation__container .wp-block-navigation__container{background-color:#fff}.items-justified-left>ul{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center>ul{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right>ul{justify-content:flex-end}.wp-block-navigation-link{display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative;margin:0}.wp-block-navigation-link .wp-block-navigation__container:empty{display:none}.wp-block-navigation__container{list-style:none;margin:0;padding-left:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.is-vertical .wp-block-navigation__container{display:block}.has-child>.wp-block-navigation-link__content{padding-right:.5em}.has-child .wp-block-navigation__container{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15);background-color:inherit;color:inherit;position:absolute;left:0;top:100%;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;z-index:2;opacity:0;transition:opacity .1s linear;visibility:hidden}.has-child .wp-block-navigation__container>.wp-block-navigation-link>.wp-block-navigation-link__content{flex-grow:1}.has-child .wp-block-navigation__container>.wp-block-navigation-link>.wp-block-navigation-link__submenu-icon{padding-right:.5em}@media (min-width:782px){.has-child .wp-block-navigation__container{left:1.5em}.has-child .wp-block-navigation__container .wp-block-navigation__container{left:100%;top:-1px}.has-child .wp-block-navigation__container .wp-block-navigation__container:before{content:"";position:absolute;right:100%;height:100%;display:block;width:.5em;background:transparent}.has-child .wp-block-navigation__container .wp-block-navigation-link__submenu-icon svg{transform:rotate(0)}}.has-child:hover{cursor:pointer}.has-child:hover>.wp-block-navigation__container{visibility:visible;opacity:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.has-child:focus-within{cursor:pointer}.has-child:focus-within>.wp-block-navigation__container{visibility:visible;opacity:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.wp-block-navigation-link__content{color:inherit;text-decoration:none;padding:.5em 1em}.wp-block-navigation-link__content+.wp-block-navigation-link__content{padding-top:0}.has-text-color .wp-block-navigation-link__content{color:inherit}.wp-block-navigation-link__label{word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:break-word}.wp-block-navigation-link__submenu-icon{height:inherit;padding:.375em 1em .375em 0}.wp-block-navigation-link__submenu-icon svg{fill:currentColor}@media (min-width:782px){.wp-block-navigation-link__submenu-icon svg{transform:rotate(90deg)}}.is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;line-height:.68;font-weight:100;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase;font-style:normal}p.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}p.has-text-color a{color:inherit}.wp-block-post-author{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.wp-block-post-author__byline{width:100%;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-size:.5em}.wp-block-post-author__avatar{margin-right:1em}.wp-block-post-author__bio{margin-bottom:.7em;font-size:.7em}.wp-block-post-author__content{flex-grow:1;flex-basis:0}.wp-block-post-author__name{font-weight:700;margin:0}.wp-block-pullquote{padding:3em 0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center}.wp-block-pullquote.alignleft,.wp-block-pullquote.alignright{max-width:290px}.wp-block-pullquote.alignleft p,.wp-block-pullquote.alignright p{font-size:1.25em}.wp-block-pullquote p{font-size:1.75em;line-height:1.6}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer{position:relative}.wp-block-pullquote .has-text-color a{color:inherit}.wp-block-pullquote:not(.is-style-solid-color){background:none}.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color{border:none}.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:left;max-width:60%}.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote p{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-size:2em}.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote cite{text-transform:none;font-style:normal}.wp-block-pullquote cite{color:inherit}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large{margin-bottom:1em;padding:0 1em}.wp-block-quote.is-large p,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large p{font-size:1.5em;font-style:italic;line-height:1.6}.wp-block-quote.is-large cite,.wp-block-quote.is-large footer,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large cite,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large footer{font-size:1.125em;text-align:right}.wp-block-rss.alignleft{margin-right:2em}.wp-block-rss.alignright{margin-left:2em}.wp-block-rss.is-grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:0;list-style:none}.wp-block-rss.is-grid li{margin:0 1em 1em 0;width:100%}@media (min-width:600px){.wp-block-rss.columns-2 li{width:calc(50% - 1em)}.wp-block-rss.columns-3 li{width:calc(33.33333% - 1em)}.wp-block-rss.columns-4 li{width:calc(25% - 1em)}.wp-block-rss.columns-5 li{width:calc(20% - 1em)}.wp-block-rss.columns-6 li{width:calc(16.66667% - 1em)}}.wp-block-rss__item-author,.wp-block-rss__item-publish-date{display:block;color:#555;font-size:.8125em}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper{display:flex;flex:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;max-width:100%}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{width:100%}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__input{flex-grow:1;min-width:3em;border:1px solid #949494}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button{margin-left:.625em;word-break:normal}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button svg{min-width:1.5em;min-height:1.5em}.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-only .wp-block-search__button{margin-left:0}.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper{padding:4px;border:1px solid #949494}.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__input{border-radius:0;border:none;padding:0 0 0 .25em}.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__input:focus{outline:none}.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button{padding:.125em .5em}.wp-block-separator.is-style-wide{border-bottom-width:1px}.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots{background:none!important;border:none;text-align:center;max-width:none;line-height:1;height:auto}.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots:before{content:"\00b7 \00b7 \00b7";color:currentColor;font-size:1.5em;letter-spacing:2em;padding-left:2em;font-family:serif}.wp-block-custom-logo .aligncenter{display:table}.wp-block-social-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;text-indent:0;margin-left:0}.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link a,.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link a:hover{text-decoration:none;border-bottom:0;box-shadow:none}.wp-social-link{display:block;width:36px;height:36px;border-radius:9999px;margin:0 8px 8px 0;transition:transform .1s ease}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.wp-social-link{transition-duration:0s}}.wp-social-link a{padding:6px;display:block;line-height:0;transition:transform .1s ease}.wp-social-link a,.wp-social-link a:active,.wp-social-link a:hover,.wp-social-link a:visited,.wp-social-link svg{color:currentColor;fill:currentColor}.wp-social-link:hover{transform:scale(1.1)}.wp-block-social-links.aligncenter{justify-content:center;display:flex}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link{background-color:#f0f0f0;color:#444}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-amazon{background-color:#f90;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-bandcamp{background-color:#1ea0c3;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-behance{background-color:#0757fe;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-codepen{background-color:#1e1f26;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-deviantart{background-color:#02e49b;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-dribbble{background-color:#e94c89;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-dropbox{background-color:#4280ff;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-etsy{background-color:#f45800;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-facebook{background-color:#1778f2;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-fivehundredpx{background-color:#000;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-flickr{background-color:#0461dd;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-foursquare{background-color:#e65678;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-github{background-color:#24292d;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-goodreads{background-color:#eceadd;color:#382110}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-google{background-color:#ea4434;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-instagram{background-color:#f00075;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-lastfm{background-color:#e21b24;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-linkedin{background-color:#0d66c2;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-mastodon{background-color:#3288d4;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-medium{background-color:#02ab6c;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-meetup{background-color:#f6405f;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-pinterest{background-color:#e60122;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-pocket{background-color:#ef4155;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-reddit{background-color:#fe4500;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-skype{background-color:#0478d7;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-snapchat{background-color:#fefc00;color:#fff;stroke:#000}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-soundcloud{background-color:#ff5600;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-spotify{background-color:#1bd760;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-tumblr{background-color:#011835;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-twitch{background-color:#6440a4;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-twitter{background-color:#1da1f2;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-vimeo{background-color:#1eb7ea;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-vk{background-color:#4680c2;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-wordpress{background-color:#3499cd;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-yelp{background-color:#d32422;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-youtube{background-color:red;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link{background:none;padding:4px}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link svg{width:28px;height:28px}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-amazon{color:#f90}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-bandcamp{color:#1ea0c3}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-behance{color:#0757fe}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-codepen{color:#1e1f26}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-deviantart{color:#02e49b}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-dribbble{color:#e94c89}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-dropbox{color:#4280ff}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-etsy{color:#f45800}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-facebook{color:#1778f2}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-fivehundredpx{color:#000}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-flickr{color:#0461dd}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-foursquare{color:#e65678}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-github{color:#24292d}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-goodreads{color:#382110}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-google{color:#ea4434}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-instagram{color:#f00075}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-lastfm{color:#e21b24}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-linkedin{color:#0d66c2}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-mastodon{color:#3288d4}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-medium{color:#02ab6c}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-meetup{color:#f6405f}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-pinterest{color:#e60122}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-pocket{color:#ef4155}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-reddit{color:#fe4500}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-skype{color:#0478d7}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-snapchat{color:#fff;stroke:#000}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-soundcloud{color:#ff5600}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-spotify{color:#1bd760}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-tumblr{color:#011835}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-twitch{color:#6440a4}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-twitter{color:#1da1f2}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-vimeo{color:#1eb7ea}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-vk{color:#4680c2}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-wordpress{color:#3499cd}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-yelp{background-color:#d32422;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link-youtube{color:red}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-pill-shape .wp-social-link{width:auto}.wp-block-social-links.is-style-pill-shape .wp-social-link a{padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px}.wp-block-spacer{clear:both}p.wp-block-subhead{font-size:1.1em;font-style:italic;opacity:.75}.wp-block-table{overflow-x:auto}.wp-block-table table{width:100%}.wp-block-table .has-fixed-layout{table-layout:fixed;width:100%}.wp-block-table .has-fixed-layout td,.wp-block-table .has-fixed-layout th{word-break:break-word}.wp-block-table.aligncenter,.wp-block-table.alignleft,.wp-block-table.alignright{display:table;width:auto}.wp-block-table.aligncenter td,.wp-block-table.aligncenter th,.wp-block-table.alignleft td,.wp-block-table.alignleft th,.wp-block-table.alignright td,.wp-block-table.alignright th{word-break:break-word}.wp-block-table .has-subtle-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#f3f4f5}.wp-block-table .has-subtle-pale-green-background-color{background-color:#e9fbe5}.wp-block-table .has-subtle-pale-blue-background-color{background-color:#e7f5fe}.wp-block-table .has-subtle-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:#fcf0ef}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:inherit;background-color:transparent;border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#f0f0f0}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes.has-subtle-light-gray-background-color tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#f3f4f5}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes.has-subtle-pale-green-background-color tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#e9fbe5}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes.has-subtle-pale-blue-background-color tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#e7f5fe}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes.has-subtle-pale-pink-background-color tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#fcf0ef}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes td,.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes th{border-color:transparent}.wp-block-text-columns,.wp-block-text-columns.aligncenter{display:flex}.wp-block-text-columns .wp-block-column{margin:0 1em;padding:0}.wp-block-text-columns .wp-block-column:first-child{margin-left:0}.wp-block-text-columns .wp-block-column:last-child{margin-right:0}.wp-block-text-columns.columns-2 .wp-block-column{width:50%}.wp-block-text-columns.columns-3 .wp-block-column{width:33.33333%}.wp-block-text-columns.columns-4 .wp-block-column{width:25%}.wp-block-video{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.wp-block-video video{max-width:100%}@supports (position:sticky){.wp-block-video [poster]{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}}.wp-block-video.aligncenter{text-align:center}.wp-block-video figcaption{margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:1em}.wp-block-post-featured-image a{display:inline-block}:root .has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:#f78da7}:root .has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:#cf2e2e}:root .has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:#ff6900}:root .has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:#fcb900}:root .has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:#7bdcb5}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:#00d084}:root .has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:#8ed1fc}:root .has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:#0693e3}:root .has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:#9b51e0}:root .has-white-background-color{background-color:#fff}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:#abb8c3}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-black-background-color{background-color:#000}:root .has-pale-pink-color{color:#f78da7}:root .has-vivid-red-color{color:#cf2e2e}:root .has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:#ff6900}:root .has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:#fcb900}:root .has-light-green-cyan-color{color:#7bdcb5}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:#00d084}:root .has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:#8ed1fc}:root .has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:#0693e3}:root .has-vivid-purple-color{color:#9b51e0}:root .has-white-color{color:#fff}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:#abb8c3}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-black-color{color:#000}:root .has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0693e3,#9b51e0)}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4,#00d082)}:root .has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fcb900,#ff6900)}:root .has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#ff6900,#cf2e2e)}:root .has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee,#a9b8c3)}:root .has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c)}:root .has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec,#9896f0)}:root .has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5)}:root .has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880,#71ce7e)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root .has-link-color a{color:#00e;color:var(--wp--style--color--link,#00e)}.has-small-font-size{font-size:.8125em}.has-normal-font-size,.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:1.25em}.has-large-font-size{font-size:2.25em}.has-huge-font-size,.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-text-align-center{text-align:center}.has-text-align-left{text-align:left}.has-text-align-right{text-align:right}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}
.wpcf7 .screen-reader-response{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);height:1px;width:1px;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.wpcf7 form .wpcf7-response-output{margin:2em .5em 1em;padding:.2em 1em;border:2px solid #00a0d2}.wpcf7 form.init .wpcf7-response-output,.wpcf7 form.resetting .wpcf7-response-output,.wpcf7 form.submitting .wpcf7-response-output{display:none}.wpcf7 form.sent .wpcf7-response-output{border-color:#46b450}.wpcf7 form.failed .wpcf7-response-output,.wpcf7 form.aborted .wpcf7-response-output{border-color:#dc3232}.wpcf7 form.spam .wpcf7-response-output{border-color:#f56e28}.wpcf7 form.invalid .wpcf7-response-output,.wpcf7 form.unaccepted .wpcf7-response-output{border-color:#ffb900}.wpcf7-form-control-wrap{position:relative}.wpcf7-not-valid-tip{color:#dc3232;font-size:1em;font-weight:400;display:block}.use-floating-validation-tip .wpcf7-not-valid-tip{position:relative;top:-2ex;left:1em;z-index:100;border:1px solid #dc3232;background:#fff;padding:.2em .8em;width:24em}.wpcf7-list-item{display:inline-block;margin:0 0 0 1em}.wpcf7-list-item-label:before,.wpcf7-list-item-label:after{content:" "}.wpcf7 .ajax-loader{visibility:hidden;display:inline-block;background-color:#23282d;opacity:.75;width:24px;height:24px;border:none;border-radius:100%;padding:0;margin:0 24px;position:relative}.wpcf7 form.submitting .ajax-loader{visibility:visible}.wpcf7 .ajax-loader:before{content:'';position:absolute;background-color:#fbfbfc;top:4px;left:4px;width:6px;height:6px;border:none;border-radius:100%;transform-origin:8px 8px;animation-name:spin;animation-duration:1s;animation-timing-function:linear;animation-iteration-count:infinite}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.wpcf7 .ajax-loader:before{animation-name:blink;animation-duration:2s}}@keyframes spin{from{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}@keyframes blink{from{opacity:0}50%{opacity:1}to{opacity:0}}.wpcf7 input[type=file]{cursor:pointer}.wpcf7 input[type=file]:disabled{cursor:default}.wpcf7 .wpcf7-submit:disabled{cursor:not-allowed}.wpcf7 input[type=url],.wpcf7 input[type=email],.wpcf7 input[type=tel]{direction:ltr}
/*! jQuery UI - v1.12.1 - 2019-11-24
* http://jqueryui.com
* Includes: core.css, accordion.css, theme.css
* To view and modify this theme, visit http://jqueryui.com/themeroller/?scope=&folderName=base&cornerRadiusShadow=8px&offsetLeftShadow=0px&offsetTopShadow=0px&thicknessShadow=5px&opacityShadow=30&bgImgOpacityShadow=0&bgTextureShadow=flat&bgColorShadow=666666&opacityOverlay=30&bgImgOpacityOverlay=0&bgTextureOverlay=flat&bgColorOverlay=aaaaaa&iconColorError=cc0000&fcError=5f3f3f&borderColorError=f1a899&bgTextureError=flat&bgColorError=fddfdf&iconColorHighlight=777620&fcHighlight=777620&borderColorHighlight=dad55e&bgTextureHighlight=flat&bgColorHighlight=fffa90&iconColorActive=ffffff&fcActive=ffffff&borderColorActive=003eff&bgTextureActive=flat&bgColorActive=007fff&iconColorHover=555555&fcHover=2b2b2b&borderColorHover=cccccc&bgTextureHover=flat&bgColorHover=ededed&iconColorDefault=777777&fcDefault=454545&borderColorDefault=c5c5c5&bgTextureDefault=flat&bgColorDefault=f6f6f6&iconColorContent=444444&fcContent=333333&borderColorContent=dddddd&bgTextureContent=flat&bgColorContent=ffffff&iconColorHeader=444444&fcHeader=333333&borderColorHeader=dddddd&bgTextureHeader=flat&bgColorHeader=e9e9e9&cornerRadius=3px&fwDefault=normal&fsDefault=1em&ffDefault=Arial%2CHelvetica%2Csans-serif
* Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors; Licensed MIT */
.ui-helper-hidden{display:none}.ui-helper-hidden-accessible{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.ui-helper-reset{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;outline:0;line-height:1.3;text-decoration:none;font-size:100%;list-style:none}.ui-helper-clearfix:before,.ui-helper-clearfix:after{content:"";display:table;border-collapse:collapse}.ui-helper-clearfix:after{clear:both}.ui-helper-zfix{width:100%;height:100%;top:0;left:0;position:absolute;opacity:0;filter:Alpha(Opacity=0)}.ui-front{z-index:100}.ui-state-disabled{cursor:default !important;pointer-events:none}.ui-icon{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-top:-.25em;position:relative;text-indent:-99999px;overflow:hidden;background-repeat:no-repeat}.ui-widget-icon-block{left:50%;margin-left:-8px;display:block}.ui-widget-overlay{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.ui-accordion .ui-accordion-header{display:block;cursor:pointer;position:relative;margin:2px 0 0;padding:.5em .5em .5em .7em;font-size:100%}.ui-accordion .ui-accordion-content{padding:.3em 1.4em;border-top:0;overflow:auto}.ui-widget{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1em}.ui-widget .ui-widget{font-size:1em}.ui-widget input,.ui-widget select,.ui-widget textarea,.ui-widget button{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1em}.ui-widget.ui-widget-content{border:1px solid #c5c5c5}.ui-widget-content{border:1px solid #ddd;background:#fff;color:#333}.ui-widget-content a{color:#333}.ui-widget-header{border:1px solid #ddd;background:#e9e9e9;color:#333;font-weight:700}.ui-widget-header a{color:#333}.ui-state-default,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-default,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-default,.ui-button,html .ui-button.ui-state-disabled:hover,html .ui-button.ui-state-disabled:active{border:1px solid #c5c5c5;background:#f6f6f6;font-weight:400;color:#454545}.ui-state-default a,.ui-state-default a:link,.ui-state-default a:visited,a.ui-button,a:link.ui-button,a:visited.ui-button,.ui-button{color:#454545;text-decoration:none}.ui-state-hover,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-hover,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-hover,.ui-state-focus,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-focus,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-focus,.ui-button:hover,.ui-button:focus{border:1px solid #ccc;background:#ededed;font-weight:400;color:#2b2b2b}.ui-state-hover a,.ui-state-hover a:hover,.ui-state-hover a:link,.ui-state-hover a:visited,.ui-state-focus a,.ui-state-focus a:hover,.ui-state-focus a:link,.ui-state-focus a:visited,a.ui-button:hover,a.ui-button:focus{color:#2b2b2b;text-decoration:none}.ui-visual-focus{box-shadow:0 0 3px 1px #5e9ed6}.ui-state-active,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-active,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-active,a.ui-button:active,.ui-button:active,.ui-button.ui-state-active:hover{font-weight:400;background-color:#fff}.ui-icon-background,.ui-state-active .ui-icon-background{border:#003eff;background-color:#fff}.ui-state-active a,.ui-state-active a:link,.ui-state-active a:visited{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.ui-state-highlight,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-highlight,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-highlight{border:1px solid #dad55e;background:#fffa90;color:#777620}.ui-state-checked{border:1px solid #dad55e;background:#fffa90}.ui-state-highlight a,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-highlight a,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-highlight a{color:#777620}.ui-state-error,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-error,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-error{border:1px solid #f1a899;background:#fddfdf;color:#5f3f3f}.ui-state-error a,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-error a,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-error a{color:#5f3f3f}.ui-state-error-text,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-error-text,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-error-text{color:#5f3f3f}.ui-priority-primary,.ui-widget-content .ui-priority-primary,.ui-widget-header .ui-priority-primary{font-weight:700}.ui-priority-secondary,.ui-widget-content .ui-priority-secondary,.ui-widget-header .ui-priority-secondary{opacity:.7;filter:Alpha(Opacity=70);font-weight:400}.ui-state-disabled,.ui-widget-content .ui-state-disabled,.ui-widget-header .ui-state-disabled{opacity:.35;filter:Alpha(Opacity=35);background-image:none}.ui-state-disabled .ui-icon{filter:Alpha(Opacity=35)}.ui-icon{width:16px;height:16px}.ui-icon,.ui-widget-content .ui-icon{background-image:url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/faq-schema-for-pages-and-posts/css/images/ui-icons_444444_256x240.png)}.ui-widget-header .ui-icon{background-image:url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/faq-schema-for-pages-and-posts/css/images/ui-icons_444444_256x240.png)}.ui-state-hover .ui-icon,.ui-state-focus .ui-icon,.ui-button:hover .ui-icon,.ui-button:focus .ui-icon{background-image:url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/faq-schema-for-pages-and-posts/css/images/ui-icons_555555_256x240.png)}.ui-state-active .ui-icon,.ui-button:active .ui-icon{background-image:url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/faq-schema-for-pages-and-posts/css/images/ui-icons_ffffff_256x240.png)}.ui-state-highlight .ui-icon,.ui-button .ui-state-highlight.ui-icon{background-image:url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/faq-schema-for-pages-and-posts/css/images/ui-icons_777620_256x240.png)}.ui-state-error .ui-icon,.ui-state-error-text .ui-icon{background-image:url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/faq-schema-for-pages-and-posts/css/images/ui-icons_cc0000_256x240.png)}.ui-button .ui-icon{background-image:url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/faq-schema-for-pages-and-posts/css/images/ui-icons_777777_256x240.png)}.ui-icon-blank{background-position:16px 16px}.ui-icon-caret-1-n{background-position:0 0}.ui-icon-caret-1-ne{background-position:-16px 0}.ui-icon-caret-1-e{background-position:-32px 0}.ui-icon-caret-1-se{background-position:-48px 0}.ui-icon-caret-1-s{background-position:-65px 0}.ui-icon-caret-1-sw{background-position:-80px 0}.ui-icon-caret-1-w{background-position:-96px 0}.ui-icon-caret-1-nw{background-position:-112px 0}.ui-icon-caret-2-n-s{background-position:-128px 0}.ui-icon-caret-2-e-w{background-position:-144px 0}.ui-icon-triangle-1-n{background-position:0 -16px}.ui-icon-triangle-1-ne{background-position:-16px -16px}.ui-icon-triangle-1-e{background-position:-32px -16px}.ui-icon-triangle-1-se{background-position:-48px -16px}.ui-icon-triangle-1-s{background-position:-65px -16px}.ui-icon-triangle-1-sw{background-position:-80px -16px}.ui-icon-triangle-1-w{background-position:-96px -16px}.ui-icon-triangle-1-nw{background-position:-112px -16px}.ui-icon-triangle-2-n-s{background-position:-128px -16px}.ui-icon-triangle-2-e-w{background-position:-144px -16px}.ui-icon-arrow-1-n{background-position:0 -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-1-ne{background-position:-16px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-1-e{background-position:-32px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-1-se{background-position:-48px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-1-s{background-position:-65px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-1-sw{background-position:-80px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-1-w{background-position:-96px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-1-nw{background-position:-112px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-2-n-s{background-position:-128px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-2-ne-sw{background-position:-144px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-2-e-w{background-position:-160px -32px}.ui-icon-arrow-2-se-nw{background-position:-176px -32px}.ui-icon-arrowstop-1-n{background-position:-192px -32px}.ui-icon-arrowstop-1-e{background-position:-208px -32px}.ui-icon-arrowstop-1-s{background-position:-224px -32px}.ui-icon-arrowstop-1-w{background-position:-240px -32px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-1-n{background-position:1px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-1-ne{background-position:-16px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-1-e{background-position:-32px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-1-se{background-position:-48px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-1-s{background-position:-64px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-1-sw{background-position:-80px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-1-w{background-position:-96px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-1-nw{background-position:-112px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-2-n-s{background-position:-128px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-2-ne-sw{background-position:-144px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-2-e-w{background-position:-160px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthick-2-se-nw{background-position:-176px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthickstop-1-n{background-position:-192px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthickstop-1-e{background-position:-208px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthickstop-1-s{background-position:-224px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowthickstop-1-w{background-position:-240px -48px}.ui-icon-arrowreturnthick-1-w{background-position:0 -64px}.ui-icon-arrowreturnthick-1-n{background-position:-16px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowreturnthick-1-e{background-position:-32px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowreturnthick-1-s{background-position:-48px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowreturn-1-w{background-position:-64px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowreturn-1-n{background-position:-80px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowreturn-1-e{background-position:-96px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowreturn-1-s{background-position:-112px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowrefresh-1-w{background-position:-128px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowrefresh-1-n{background-position:-144px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowrefresh-1-e{background-position:-160px -64px}.ui-icon-arrowrefresh-1-s{background-position:-176px -64px}.ui-icon-arrow-4{background-position:0 -80px}.ui-icon-arrow-4-diag{background-position:-16px -80px}.ui-icon-extlink{background-position:-32px -80px}.ui-icon-newwin{background-position:-48px -80px}.ui-icon-refresh{background-position:-64px -80px}.ui-icon-shuffle{background-position:-80px -80px}.ui-icon-transfer-e-w{background-position:-96px -80px}.ui-icon-transferthick-e-w{background-position:-112px -80px}.ui-icon-folder-collapsed{background-position:0 -96px}.ui-icon-folder-open{background-position:-16px -96px}.ui-icon-document{background-position:-32px -96px}.ui-icon-document-b{background-position:-48px -96px}.ui-icon-note{background-position:-64px -96px}.ui-icon-mail-closed{background-position:-80px -96px}.ui-icon-mail-open{background-position:-96px -96px}.ui-icon-suitcase{background-position:-112px -96px}.ui-icon-comment{background-position:-128px -96px}.ui-icon-person{background-position:-144px -96px}.ui-icon-print{background-position:-160px -96px}.ui-icon-trash{background-position:-176px -96px}.ui-icon-locked{background-position:-192px -96px}.ui-icon-unlocked{background-position:-208px -96px}.ui-icon-bookmark{background-position:-224px -96px}.ui-icon-tag{background-position:-240px -96px}.ui-icon-home{background-position:0 -112px}.ui-icon-flag{background-position:-16px -112px}.ui-icon-calendar{background-position:-32px -112px}.ui-icon-cart{background-position:-48px -112px}.ui-icon-pencil{background-position:-64px -112px}.ui-icon-clock{background-position:-80px -112px}.ui-icon-disk{background-position:-96px -112px}.ui-icon-calculator{background-position:-112px -112px}.ui-icon-zoomin{background-position:-128px -112px}.ui-icon-zoomout{background-position:-144px -112px}.ui-icon-search{background-position:-160px -112px}.ui-icon-wrench{background-position:-176px -112px}.ui-icon-gear{background-position:-192px -112px}.ui-icon-heart{background-position:-208px -112px}.ui-icon-star{background-position:-224px -112px}.ui-icon-link{background-position:-240px -112px}.ui-icon-cancel{background-position:0 -128px}.ui-icon-plus{background-position:-16px -128px}.ui-icon-plusthick{background-position:-32px -128px}.ui-icon-minus{background-position:-48px -128px}.ui-icon-minusthick{background-position:-64px -128px}.ui-icon-close{background-position:-80px -128px}.ui-icon-closethick{background-position:-96px -128px}.ui-icon-key{background-position:-112px -128px}.ui-icon-lightbulb{background-position:-128px -128px}.ui-icon-scissors{background-position:-144px -128px}.ui-icon-clipboard{background-position:-160px -128px}.ui-icon-copy{background-position:-176px -128px}.ui-icon-contact{background-position:-192px -128px}.ui-icon-image{background-position:-208px -128px}.ui-icon-video{background-position:-224px -128px}.ui-icon-script{background-position:-240px -128px}.ui-icon-alert{background-position:0 -144px}.ui-icon-info{background-position:-16px -144px}.ui-icon-notice{background-position:-32px -144px}.ui-icon-help{background-position:-48px -144px}.ui-icon-check{background-position:-64px -144px}.ui-icon-bullet{background-position:-80px -144px}.ui-icon-radio-on{background-position:-96px -144px}.ui-icon-radio-off{background-position:-112px -144px}.ui-icon-pin-w{background-position:-128px -144px}.ui-icon-pin-s{background-position:-144px -144px}.ui-icon-play{background-position:0 -160px}.ui-icon-pause{background-position:-16px -160px}.ui-icon-seek-next{background-position:-32px -160px}.ui-icon-seek-prev{background-position:-48px -160px}.ui-icon-seek-end{background-position:-64px -160px}.ui-icon-seek-start{background-position:-80px -160px}.ui-icon-seek-first{background-position:-80px -160px}.ui-icon-stop{background-position:-96px -160px}.ui-icon-eject{background-position:-112px -160px}.ui-icon-volume-off{background-position:-128px -160px}.ui-icon-volume-on{background-position:-144px -160px}.ui-icon-power{background-position:0 -176px}.ui-icon-signal-diag{background-position:-16px -176px}.ui-icon-signal{background-position:-32px -176px}.ui-icon-battery-0{background-position:-48px -176px}.ui-icon-battery-1{background-position:-64px -176px}.ui-icon-battery-2{background-position:-80px -176px}.ui-icon-battery-3{background-position:-96px -176px}.ui-icon-circle-plus{background-position:0 -192px}.ui-icon-circle-minus{background-position:-16px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-close{background-position:-32px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-triangle-e{background-position:-48px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-triangle-s{background-position:-64px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-triangle-w{background-position:-80px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-triangle-n{background-position:-96px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-arrow-e{background-position:-112px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-arrow-s{background-position:-128px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-arrow-w{background-position:-144px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-arrow-n{background-position:-160px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-zoomin{background-position:-176px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-zoomout{background-position:-192px -192px}.ui-icon-circle-check{background-position:-208px -192px}.ui-icon-circlesmall-plus{background-position:0 -208px}.ui-icon-circlesmall-minus{background-position:-16px -208px}.ui-icon-circlesmall-close{background-position:-32px -208px}.ui-icon-squaresmall-plus{background-position:-48px -208px}.ui-icon-squaresmall-minus{background-position:-64px -208px}.ui-icon-squaresmall-close{background-position:-80px -208px}.ui-icon-grip-dotted-vertical{background-position:0 -224px}.ui-icon-grip-dotted-horizontal{background-position:-16px -224px}.ui-icon-grip-solid-vertical{background-position:-32px -224px}.ui-icon-grip-solid-horizontal{background-position:-48px -224px}.ui-icon-gripsmall-diagonal-se{background-position:-64px -224px}.ui-icon-grip-diagonal-se{background-position:-80px -224px}.ui-corner-all,.ui-corner-top,.ui-corner-left,.ui-corner-tl{border-top-left-radius:3px}.ui-corner-all,.ui-corner-top,.ui-corner-right,.ui-corner-tr{border-top-right-radius:3px}.ui-corner-all,.ui-corner-bottom,.ui-corner-left,.ui-corner-bl{border-bottom-left-radius:3px}.ui-corner-all,.ui-corner-bottom,.ui-corner-right,.ui-corner-br{border-bottom-right-radius:3px}.ui-widget-overlay{background:#aaa;opacity:.3;filter:Alpha(Opacity=30)}.ui-widget-shadow{-webkit-box-shadow:0px 0px 5px #666;box-shadow:0px 0px 5px #666}
@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:ez-toc-icomoon;src:url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/easy-table-of-contents/vendor/icomoon/fonts/ez-toc-icomoon.eot);src:url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/easy-table-of-contents/vendor/icomoon/fonts/ez-toc-icomoon.eot?#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/easy-table-of-contents/vendor/icomoon/fonts/ez-toc-icomoon.woff2) format('woff2'),url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/easy-table-of-contents/vendor/icomoon/fonts/ez-toc-icomoon.woff) format('woff'),url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/easy-table-of-contents/vendor/icomoon/fonts/ez-toc-icomoon.ttf) format('truetype'),url(//www.cografyabilimi.gen.tr/wp-content/plugins/easy-table-of-contents/vendor/icomoon/fonts/ez-toc-icomoon.svg#ez-toc-icomoon) format('svg');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}/*!* Better Font Rendering =========== *!*/
#ez-toc-container{background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05);display:table;margin-bottom:1em;padding:10px;position:relative;width:auto}div.ez-toc-widget-container{padding:0;position:relative}#ez-toc-container.ez-toc-light-blue{background:#edf6ff}#ez-toc-container.ez-toc-white{background:#fff}#ez-toc-container.ez-toc-black{background:#000}#ez-toc-container.ez-toc-transparent{background:none transparent}div.ez-toc-widget-container ul{display:block}div.ez-toc-widget-container li{border:none;padding:0}div.ez-toc-widget-container ul.ez-toc-list{padding:10px}#ez-toc-container ul ul,.ez-toc div.ez-toc-widget-container ul ul{margin-left:1.5em}#ez-toc-container li,#ez-toc-container ul{margin:0;padding:0}#ez-toc-container li,#ez-toc-container ul,#ez-toc-container ul li,div.ez-toc-widget-container,div.ez-toc-widget-container li{background:0 0;list-style:none none;line-height:1.6;margin:0;overflow:hidden;z-index:1}#ez-toc-container p.ez-toc-title{text-align:left;line-height:1.45;margin:0;padding:0}.ez-toc-title-container{display:table;width:100%}.ez-toc-title,.ez-toc-title-toggle{display:table-cell;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}#ez-toc-container.ez-toc-black p.ez-toc-title{color:#fff}#ez-toc-container div.ez-toc-title-container+ul.ez-toc-list{margin-top:1em}.ez-toc-wrap-left{float:left;margin-right:10px}.ez-toc-wrap-right{float:right;margin-left:10px}#ez-toc-container a{color:#444;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none}#ez-toc-container a:visited{color:#9f9f9f}#ez-toc-container a:hover{text-decoration:underline}#ez-toc-container.ez-toc-black a{color:#fff}#ez-toc-container.ez-toc-black a:visited{color:#fff}#ez-toc-container a.ez-toc-toggle{color:#444}#ez-toc-container.counter-flat ul,#ez-toc-container.counter-hierarchy ul,.ez-toc-widget-container.counter-flat ul,.ez-toc-widget-container.counter-hierarchy ul{counter-reset:item}#ez-toc-container.counter-numeric li,.ez-toc-widget-container.counter-numeric li{list-style-type:decimal;list-style-position:inside}#ez-toc-container.counter-decimal ul.ez-toc-list li a::before,.ez-toc-widget-container.counter-decimal ul.ez-toc-list li a::before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";display:inline-block;counter-increment:item;margin-right:.2em}#ez-toc-container.counter-roman li a::before,.ez-toc-widget-container.counter-roman ul.ez-toc-list li a::before{content:counters(item, ".", upper-roman) ". ";counter-increment:item}.ez-toc-widget-container ul.ez-toc-list li::before{content:' ';position:absolute;left:0;right:0;height:30px;line-height:30px;z-index:-1}.ez-toc-widget-container ul.ez-toc-list li.active::before{background-color:#ededed}.ez-toc-widget-container li.active>a{font-weight:900}.ez-toc-btn{display:inline-block;padding:6px 12px;margin-bottom:0;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.428571429;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer;background-image:none;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;-o-user-select:none;user-select:none}.ez-toc-btn:focus{outline:thin dotted #333;outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:-2px}.ez-toc-btn:focus,.ez-toc-btn:hover{color:#333;text-decoration:none}.ez-toc-btn.active,.ez-toc-btn:active{background-image:none;outline:0;box-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.125)}.ez-toc-btn-default{color:#333;background-color:#fff;border-color:#ccc}.ez-toc-btn-default.active,.ez-toc-btn-default:active,.ez-toc-btn-default:focus,.ez-toc-btn-default:hover{color:#333;background-color:#ebebeb;border-color:#adadad}.ez-toc-btn-default.active,.ez-toc-btn-default:active{background-image:none}.ez-toc-btn-sm,.ez-toc-btn-xs{padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;border-radius:3px}.ez-toc-btn-xs{padding:1px 5px}.ez-toc-btn-default{text-shadow:0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.15),0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.ez-toc-btn-default:active{box-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.125)}.btn.active,.ez-toc-btn:active{background-image:none}.ez-toc-btn-default{text-shadow:0 1px 0 #fff;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#fff 0,#e0e0e0 100%);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#dbdbdb;border-color:#ccc}.ez-toc-btn-default:focus,.ez-toc-btn-default:hover{background-color:#e0e0e0;background-position:0 -15px}.ez-toc-btn-default.active,.ez-toc-btn-default:active{background-color:#e0e0e0;border-color:#dbdbdb}.ez-toc-pull-right{float:right!important;margin-left:10px}.ez-toc-glyphicon{position:relative;top:1px;display:inline-block;font-family:'Glyphicons Halflings';-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:1;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.ez-toc-glyphicon:empty{width:1em}.ez-toc-toggle i.ez-toc-glyphicon{font-size:16px;margin-left:2px}[class*=ez-toc-icon-]{font-family:ez-toc-icomoon!important;speak:none;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.ez-toc-icon-toggle:before{content:"\e87a"}
div#ez-toc-container p.ez-toc-title{font-size:120%}div#ez-toc-container p.ez-toc-title{font-weight:500}div#ez-toc-container ul li{font-size:95%}
.footer-widgets-container{padding:40px}.inside-footer-widgets{display:flex}.inside-footer-widgets>div{flex:1 1 0}.site-footer .footer-widgets-container .inner-padding{padding:0 0 0 40px}.site-footer .footer-widgets-container .inside-footer-widgets{margin-left:-40px}.top-bar{font-weight:400;text-transform:none;font-size:13px}.top-bar .inside-top-bar{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}.top-bar .inside-top-bar .widget{padding:0;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:0}.top-bar .inside-top-bar .textwidget p:last-child{margin:0}.top-bar .widget-title{display:none}.top-bar .widget{margin:0 10px}.top-bar .widget_nav_menu>div>ul{display:flex;align-items:center}.top-bar .widget_nav_menu li{margin:0 10px;padding:0}.top-bar .widget_nav_menu li:first-child{margin-left:0}.top-bar .widget_nav_menu li:last-child{margin-right:0}.top-bar .widget_nav_menu li ul{display:none}.inside-top-bar{padding:10px 40px}div.top-bar .widget{margin-bottom:0}.top-bar-align-right .widget{margin-right:0}.top-bar-align-right .widget:first-child{margin-left:auto}.top-bar-align-right .widget:nth-child(even){order:-20}.top-bar-align-right .widget:nth-child(2){margin-left:0}.top-bar-align-left .widget{margin-left:0}.top-bar-align-left .widget:nth-child(odd){order:-20}.top-bar-align-left .widget:nth-child(2){margin-left:auto}.top-bar-align-left .widget:last-child{margin-right:0}.top-bar-align-center .widget:first-child{margin-left:auto}.top-bar-align-center .widget:last-child{margin-right:auto}.top-bar-align-center .widget:not(:first-child):not(:last-child){margin:0 5px}.footer-bar-active .footer-bar .widget{padding:0}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu>div>ul{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu li{margin:0 10px;padding:0}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu li:first-child{margin-left:0}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu li:last-child{margin-right:0}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu li ul{display:none}.footer-bar .textwidget p:last-child{margin:0}.footer-bar .widget-title{display:none}.footer-bar-align-right .copyright-bar{order:-20;margin-right:auto}.footer-bar-align-left .copyright-bar{margin-left:auto}.footer-bar-align-center .inside-site-info{flex-direction:column}.footer-bar-align-center .footer-bar{margin-bottom:10px}.site-footer:not(.footer-bar-active) .copyright-bar{margin:0 auto}@media (max-width:768px){.top-bar .inside-top-bar{justify-content:center}.top-bar .inside-top-bar>.widget{order:1;margin:0 10px}.top-bar .inside-top-bar:first-child{margin-left:auto}.top-bar .inside-top-bar:last-child{margin-right:auto}.top-bar .widget_nav_menu li{padding:5px 0}.top-bar-align-center{text-align:center}.inside-footer-widgets{flex-direction:column}.inside-footer-widgets>div:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:40px}.site-footer .footer-widgets .footer-widgets-container .inside-footer-widgets{margin:0}.site-footer .footer-widgets .footer-widgets-container .inner-padding{padding:0}.footer-bar-active .inside-site-info{flex-direction:column}.footer-bar-active .footer-bar{margin-bottom:10px}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu>div>ul{justify-content:center}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu li{padding:5px 0}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu li:first-child{margin-left:10px}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu li:last-child{margin-right:10px}.footer-bar-align-left .copyright-bar{margin-left:0}.footer-bar-align-right .copyright-bar{order:unset;margin-right:0}}
blockquote,body,dd,dl,dt,fieldset,figure,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,hr,html,iframe,legend,li,ol,p,pre,textarea,ul{margin:0;padding:0;border:0}html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}main{display:block}progress{vertical-align:baseline}html{box-sizing:border-box}*,::after,::before{box-sizing:inherit}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0}:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}body,button,input,select,textarea{font-family:-apple-system,system-ui,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-weight:400;text-transform:none;font-size:17px;line-height:1.5}p{margin-bottom:1.5em}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit}pre{background:rgba(0,0,0,.05);font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:normal;margin-bottom:1.5em;padding:20px;overflow:auto;max-width:100%}blockquote{border-left:5px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05);padding:20px;font-size:1.2em;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 1.5em;position:relative}blockquote p:last-child{margin:0}table,td,th{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1)}table{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;border-width:1px 0 0 1px;margin:0 0 1.5em;width:100%}td,th{padding:8px}th{border-width:0 1px 1px 0}td{border-width:0 1px 1px 0}hr{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);border:0;height:1px;margin-bottom:40px;margin-top:40px}fieldset{padding:0;border:0;min-width:inherit}fieldset legend{padding:0;margin-bottom:1.5em}h1{font-size:42px;margin-bottom:20px;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:400;text-transform:none}h2{font-size:35px;margin-bottom:20px;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:400;text-transform:none}h3{font-size:29px;margin-bottom:20px;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:400;text-transform:none}h4{font-size:24px}h5{font-size:20px}h4,h5,h6{margin-bottom:20px}ol,ul{margin:0 0 1.5em 3em}ul{list-style:disc}ol{list-style:decimal}li>ol,li>ul{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:1.5em}dt{font-weight:700}dd{margin:0 1.5em 1.5em}b,strong{font-weight:700}cite,dfn,em,i{font-style:italic}address{margin:0 0 1.5em}code,kbd,tt,var{font:15px Monaco,Consolas,"Andale Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace}abbr,acronym{border-bottom:1px dotted #666;cursor:help}ins,mark{text-decoration:none}sub,sup{font-size:75%;height:0;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sup{bottom:1ex}sub{top:.5ex}small{font-size:75%}big{font-size:125%}figure{margin:0}table{margin:0 0 1.5em;width:100%}th{font-weight:700}img{height:auto;max-width:100%}button,input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{background:#55555e;color:#fff;border:1px solid transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-appearance:button;padding:10px 20px}input[type=email],input[type=number],input[type=password],input[type=search],input[type=tel],input[type=text],input[type=url],select,textarea{border:1px solid;border-radius:0;padding:10px 15px;max-width:100%}textarea{width:100%}a,button,input{transition:color .1s ease-in-out,background-color .1s ease-in-out}a,a:focus,a:hover,a:visited{text-decoration:none}.button,.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{padding:10px 20px;display:inline-block}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.using-mouse :focus{outline:0}.using-mouse ::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}.alignleft{float:left;margin-right:1.5em}.alignright{float:right;margin-left:1.5em}.aligncenter{clear:both;display:block;margin:0 auto}.size-auto,.size-full,.size-large,.size-medium,.size-thumbnail{max-width:100%;height:auto}.no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:calc(-100vw / 2 + 100% / 2);margin-right:calc(-100vw / 2 + 100% / 2);max-width:100vw;width:auto}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#f1f1f1;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 0 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.6);clip:auto!important;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;color:#21759b;display:block;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}#primary[tabindex="-1"]:focus{outline:0}.main-navigation{z-index:100;padding:0;clear:both;display:block}.main-navigation a{display:block;text-decoration:none;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;font-size:15px}.main-navigation ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding-left:0}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;line-height:60px}.inside-navigation{position:relative}.main-navigation .inside-navigation{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between}.main-navigation .main-nav>ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.main-navigation li{position:relative}.main-navigation .menu-bar-items{display:flex;align-items:center;font-size:15px}.main-navigation .menu-bar-items a{color:inherit}.main-navigation .menu-bar-item{position:relative}.main-navigation .menu-bar-item.search-item{z-index:20}.main-navigation .menu-bar-item>a{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;line-height:60px}.sidebar .main-navigation .main-nav{flex-basis:100%}.sidebar .main-navigation .main-nav>ul{flex-direction:column}.sidebar .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{margin:0 auto}.sidebar .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item{order:10}.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:center}.nav-align-center .main-nav>ul{justify-content:center}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation{justify-content:flex-end}.main-navigation ul ul{display:block;box-shadow:1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);float:left;position:absolute;left:-99999px;opacity:0;z-index:99999;width:200px;text-align:left;top:auto;transition:opacity 80ms linear;transition-delay:0s;pointer-events:none;height:0;overflow:hidden}.main-navigation ul ul a{display:block}.main-navigation ul ul li{width:100%}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{line-height:normal;padding:10px 20px;font-size:14px}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children>a{padding-right:0;position:relative}.main-navigation.sub-menu-left .sub-menu{right:0}.main-navigation:not(.toggled) ul li.sfHover>ul,.main-navigation:not(.toggled) ul li:hover>ul{left:auto;opacity:1;transition-delay:150ms;pointer-events:auto;height:auto;overflow:visible}.main-navigation:not(.toggled) ul ul li.sfHover>ul,.main-navigation:not(.toggled) ul ul li:hover>ul{left:100%;top:0}.main-navigation.sub-menu-left:not(.toggled) ul ul li.sfHover>ul,.main-navigation.sub-menu-left:not(.toggled) ul ul li:hover>ul{right:100%;left:auto}.nav-float-right .main-navigation ul ul ul{top:0}.menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{display:inline-block;height:100%;clear:both;padding-right:20px;padding-left:10px}.menu-item-has-children ul .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:-10px}.sidebar .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle,nav ul ul .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{float:right}.widget-area .main-navigation li{float:none;display:block;width:100%;padding:0;margin:0}.sidebar .main-navigation.sub-menu-right ul li.sfHover ul,.sidebar .main-navigation.sub-menu-right ul li:hover ul{top:0;left:100%}.sidebar .main-navigation.sub-menu-left ul li.sfHover ul,.sidebar .main-navigation.sub-menu-left ul li:hover ul{top:0;right:100%}.site-main .comment-navigation,.site-main .post-navigation,.site-main .posts-navigation{margin:0 0 2em;overflow:hidden}.site-main .post-navigation{margin-bottom:0}.paging-navigation .nav-next,.paging-navigation .nav-previous{display:none}.paging-navigation .nav-links>*{padding:0 5px}.paging-navigation .nav-links .current{font-weight:700}.nav-links>:first-child{padding-left:0}.site-header{position:relative}.inside-header{padding:20px 40px}.main-title{margin:0;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2em;word-wrap:break-word;font-weight:700;text-transform:none}.site-description{margin:0;line-height:1.5;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;font-size:15px}.site-logo{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.site-header .header-image{vertical-align:middle}.inside-header{display:flex;align-items:center}.header-widget{margin-left:auto}.header-widget p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.nav-float-right .header-widget{margin-left:20px}.nav-float-right #site-navigation{margin-left:auto}.nav-float-left #site-navigation{margin-right:auto;order:-10}.nav-float-left .header-widget{margin-left:0;margin-right:20px;order:-15}.header-aligned-center:not([class*=nav-float-]) .inside-header{justify-content:center;flex-direction:column;text-align:center}.header-aligned-center:not([class*=nav-float-]) .header-widget{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.header-aligned-center:not([class*=nav-float-]) .inside-header>:not(:first-child){margin-top:1em}.header-aligned-right:not([class*=nav-float-]) .inside-header{justify-content:flex-end}.header-aligned-right:not([class*=nav-float-]) .header-widget{margin-right:auto;margin-left:0;order:-10}.site-branding-container{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;text-align:left;flex-shrink:0}.site-branding-container .site-logo{margin-right:1em}.sticky{display:block}.entry-header .gp-icon,.posted-on .updated{display:none}.byline,.entry-header .cat-links,.entry-header .comments-link,.entry-header .tags-links,.group-blog .byline,.single .byline{display:inline}footer.entry-meta .byline,footer.entry-meta .posted-on{display:block}.entry-content:not(:first-child),.entry-summary:not(:first-child),.page-content:not(:first-child){margin-top:2em}.page-links{clear:both;margin:0 0 1.5em}.archive .format-aside .entry-header,.archive .format-status .entry-header,.archive .format-status .entry-meta,.archive .format-status .entry-title,.blog .format-aside .entry-header,.blog .format-status .entry-header,.blog .format-status .entry-meta,.blog .format-status .entry-title{display:none}.archive .format-aside .entry-content,.archive .format-status .entry-content,.blog .format-aside .entry-content,.blog .format-status .entry-content{margin-top:0}.archive .format-status .entry-content p:last-child,.blog .format-status .entry-content p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.entry-header,.site-content{word-wrap:break-word}.entry-title{margin-bottom:0}.author .page-header .page-title{display:flex;align-items:center}.author .page-header .avatar{margin-right:20px}.page-header .author-info>:last-child,.page-header>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.entry-meta{font-size:85%;margin-top:.5em;line-height:1.5}footer.entry-meta{margin-top:2em}.cat-links,.comments-link,.tags-links{display:block}.entry-content>p:last-child,.entry-summary>p:last-child,.page-content>p:last-child,.read-more-container,.taxonomy-description p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.wp-caption{margin-bottom:1.5em;max-width:100%;position:relative}.wp-caption img[class*=wp-image-]{display:block;margin:0 auto 0;max-width:100%}.wp-caption .wp-caption-text{font-size:75%;padding-top:5px;opacity:.8}.wp-caption img{position:relative;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-image figcaption{font-size:13px;text-align:center}.wp-block-gallery,ul.blocks-gallery-grid{margin-left:0}.wp-block-gallery .blocks-gallery-image figcaption,.wp-block-gallery .blocks-gallery-item figcaption{background:rgba(255,255,255,.7);color:#000;padding:10px;box-sizing:border-box}.gallery{margin-bottom:1.5em}.gallery-item{display:inline-block;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;width:100%}.gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item{max-width:50%}.gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item{max-width:33.33%}.gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item{max-width:25%}.gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item{max-width:20%}.gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item{max-width:16.66%}.gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item{max-width:14.28%}.gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item{max-width:12.5%}.gallery-columns-9 .gallery-item{max-width:11.11%}.gallery-caption{display:block}.site-main .gallery{margin-bottom:1.5em}.gallery-item img{vertical-align:bottom}.gallery-icon{padding:5px}embed,iframe,object{max-width:100%}.widget-area .widget{padding:40px}.widget select{max-width:100%}.footer-widgets .widget :last-child,.sidebar .widget :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.widget-title{margin-bottom:30px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.5;font-weight:400;text-transform:none}.widget ol,.widget ul{margin:0}.widget .search-field{width:100%}.widget .search-form{display:flex}.widget .search-form button.search-submit{font-size:15px}.footer-widgets .widget{margin-bottom:30px}.footer-widgets .widget:last-child,.sidebar .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.widget ul li{list-style-type:none;position:relative;margin-bottom:.5em}.widget ul li ul{margin-left:1em;margin-top:.5em}.wp-calendar-table{table-layout:fixed}.site-content{display:flex}.grid-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:1200px}.page-header,.sidebar .widget,.site-main>*{margin-bottom:20px}.both-left .inside-left-sidebar,.both-right .inside-left-sidebar{margin-right:10px}.both-left .inside-right-sidebar,.both-right .inside-right-sidebar{margin-left:10px}.one-container.both-right .site-main,.one-container.right-sidebar .site-main{margin-right:40px}.one-container.both-left .site-main,.one-container.left-sidebar .site-main{margin-left:40px}.one-container.both-sidebars .site-main{margin:0 40px 0 40px}.one-container.archive .post:not(:last-child),.one-container.blog .post:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:40px}.one-container .site-content{padding:40px}.separate-containers .comments-area,.separate-containers .inside-article,.separate-containers .page-header,.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding:40px}.separate-containers .site-main{margin:20px}.separate-containers.no-sidebar .site-main{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.separate-containers.both-right .site-main,.separate-containers.right-sidebar .site-main{margin-left:0}.separate-containers.both-left .site-main,.separate-containers.left-sidebar .site-main{margin-right:0}.separate-containers .inside-left-sidebar,.separate-containers .inside-right-sidebar{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.inside-page-header,.wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:40px}.widget-area .main-navigation{margin-bottom:20px}.one-container .site-main>:last-child,.separate-containers .site-main>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.full-width-content .container.grid-container{max-width:100%}.full-width-content.no-sidebar.separate-containers .site-main{margin:0}.full-width-content.one-container .site-content,.full-width-content.separate-containers .inside-article{padding:0}.full-width-content .entry-content .alignwide{margin-left:0;width:auto;max-width:unset}.contained-content.one-container .site-content,.contained-content.separate-containers .inside-article{padding:0}.sidebar .grid-container{max-width:100%;width:100%}.both-left .is-left-sidebar,.both-sidebars .is-left-sidebar,.left-sidebar .sidebar{order:-10}.both-left .is-right-sidebar{order:-5}.both-right .is-left-sidebar{order:5}.both-right .is-right-sidebar,.both-sidebars .is-right-sidebar{order:10}.inside-site-info{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:20px 40px}.site-info{text-align:center;font-size:15px}.post-image:not(:first-child){margin-top:2em}.featured-image{line-height:0}.separate-containers .featured-image{margin-top:20px}.separate-containers .inside-article>.featured-image{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:2em}.one-container .inside-article>.featured-image{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:2em}.gp-icon{display:inline-flex;align-self:center}.gp-icon svg{height:1em;width:1em;top:.125em;position:relative;fill:currentColor}.close-search .icon-search svg:nth-child(1),.icon-menu-bars svg:nth-child(2),.icon-search svg:nth-child(2),.toggled .icon-menu-bars svg:nth-child(1){display:none}.close-search .icon-search svg:nth-child(2),.toggled .icon-menu-bars svg:nth-child(2){display:block}.entry-meta .gp-icon{margin-right:.6em;opacity:.7}nav.toggled .icon-arrow-left svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}nav.toggled .icon-arrow-right svg{transform:rotate(90deg)}nav.toggled .sfHover>a>.dropdown-menu-toggle .gp-icon svg{transform:rotate(180deg)}nav.toggled .sfHover>a>.dropdown-menu-toggle .gp-icon.icon-arrow-left svg{transform:rotate(-270deg)}nav.toggled .sfHover>a>.dropdown-menu-toggle .gp-icon.icon-arrow-right svg{transform:rotate(270deg)}.container.grid-container{width:auto}.menu-toggle,.mobile-bar-items,.sidebar-nav-mobile{display:none}.menu-toggle{padding:0 20px;line-height:60px;margin:0;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;font-size:15px;cursor:pointer}.menu-toggle .mobile-menu{padding-left:3px}.menu-toggle .gp-icon+.mobile-menu{padding-left:9px}.menu-toggle .mobile-menu:empty{display:none}button.menu-toggle{background-color:transparent;flex-grow:1;border:0;text-align:center}button.menu-toggle:active,button.menu-toggle:focus,button.menu-toggle:hover{background-color:transparent}.has-menu-bar-items button.menu-toggle{flex-grow:0}nav.toggled ul ul.sub-menu{width:100%}.toggled .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav{flex-basis:100%;order:3}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav>ul{display:block}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav li{width:100%;text-align:left}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav ul ul{transition:0s;visibility:hidden}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav ul ul.toggled-on{position:relative;top:0;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;width:100%;pointer-events:auto;height:auto;opacity:1;display:block;visibility:visible;float:none}.main-navigation.toggled .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{float:right}.mobile-menu-control-wrapper{display:none;margin-left:auto;align-items:center}.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.toggled{margin-top:1.5em}.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.has-active-search{margin-top:1.5em}.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.has-active-search .nav-search-active{position:relative}.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.has-active-search .navigation-search input{outline:auto}.nav-float-left .mobile-menu-control-wrapper{order:-10;margin-left:0;margin-right:auto;flex-direction:row-reverse}@media (max-width:768px){.hide-on-mobile{display:none!important}a,body,button,input,select,textarea{transition:all 0s ease-in-out}.inside-header{flex-direction:column;text-align:center}.site-header .header-widget{margin-top:1.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center}.site-content{flex-direction:column}.container .site-content .content-area{width:auto}.is-left-sidebar.sidebar,.is-right-sidebar.sidebar{width:auto;order:initial}.is-left-sidebar+.is-right-sidebar .inside-right-sidebar{margin-top:0}.both-left .inside-left-sidebar,.both-left .inside-right-sidebar,.both-right .inside-left-sidebar,.both-right .inside-right-sidebar{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}#main{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}body:not(.no-sidebar) #main{margin-bottom:0}.alignleft,.alignright{float:none;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.comment .children{padding-left:10px;margin-left:0}.entry-meta{font-size:inherit}.entry-meta a{line-height:1.8em}}@media (min-width:769px) and (max-width:1024px){.hide-on-tablet{display:none!important}}@media (min-width:1025px){.hide-on-desktop{display:none!important}}
body{background-color:#f7f8f9;color:#222}a{color:#1e73be}a:hover,a:focus,a:active{color:#000}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}body,button,input,select,textarea{font-family:Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif}body{line-height:1.5}.entry-content>[class*=wp-block-]:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:1.5em}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{font-size:14px}.sidebar .widget,.footer-widgets .widget{font-size:17px}h1{font-family:Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif}h2{font-family:Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif}h3{font-family:Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif}@media (max-width:768px){h1{font-size:31px}h2{font-size:27px}h3{font-size:24px}h4{font-size:22px}h5{font-size:19px}}.top-bar{background-color:#636363;color:#fff}.top-bar a{color:#fff}.top-bar a:hover{color:#303030}.site-header{background-color:#fff}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:#222}.site-description{color:#757575}.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:hover,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:focus,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.toggled{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.02)}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:#fff}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:#515151}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:hover>a,.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:focus>a,.main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover>a,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover>a,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover>a{color:#7a8896;background-color:#fff}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:#515151}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*=current-menu-]>a{color:#7a8896;background-color:#fff}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*=current-menu-]>a:hover,.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*=current-menu-].sfHover>a{color:#7a8896;background-color:#fff}.navigation-search input[type=search],.navigation-search input[type=search]:active,.navigation-search input[type=search]:focus,.main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active>a,.main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active>a{color:#7a8896;background-color:#fff}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:#eaeaea}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{color:#515151}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:hover>a,.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:focus>a,.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li.sfHover>a{color:#7a8896;background-color:#eaeaea}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*=current-menu-]>a{color:#7a8896;background-color:#eaeaea}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*=current-menu-]>a:hover,.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*=current-menu-].sfHover>a{color:#7a8896;background-color:#eaeaea}.separate-containers .inside-article,.separate-containers .comments-area,.separate-containers .page-header,.one-container .container,.separate-containers .paging-navigation,.inside-page-header{background-color:#fff}.entry-title a{color:#222}.entry-title a:hover{color:#55555e}.entry-meta{color:#595959}.sidebar .widget{background-color:#fff}.footer-widgets{background-color:#fff}.footer-widgets .widget-title{color:#000}.site-info{color:#fff;background-color:#55555e}.site-info a{color:#fff}.site-info a:hover{color:#d3d3d3}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item a{color:#d3d3d3}input[type=text],input[type=email],input[type=url],input[type=password],input[type=search],input[type=tel],input[type=number],textarea,select{color:#666;background-color:#fafafa;border-color:#ccc}input[type=text]:focus,input[type=email]:focus,input[type=url]:focus,input[type=password]:focus,input[type=search]:focus,input[type=tel]:focus,input[type=number]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:#666;background-color:#fff;border-color:#bfbfbf}button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#fff;background-color:#55555e}button:hover,html input[type=button]:hover,input[type=reset]:hover,input[type=submit]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type=button]:focus,input[type=reset]:focus,input[type=submit]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#fff;background-color:#3f4047}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.4);color:#fff}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);color:#fff}@media (max-width:768px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover>a,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover>a{background:0 0;color:#515151}}.nav-below-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container,.nav-above-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0 20px}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}.entry-content .alignwide,body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-40px;width:calc(100% + 80px);max-width:calc(100% + 80px)}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children>a{padding-right:20px}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article,.separate-containers .comments-area,.separate-containers .page-header,.separate-containers .paging-navigation,.one-container .site-content,.inside-page-header,.wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px}.inside-top-bar{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px}.inside-header{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px}.widget-area .widget{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px}.footer-widgets-container{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px}.inside-site-info{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px}.entry-content .alignwide,body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px)}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:20px}}.is-right-sidebar{width:30%}.is-left-sidebar{width:30%}.site-content .content-area{width:70%}@media (max-width:768px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav>ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation>*:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .mobile-menu-control-wrapper{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .inside-header{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;flex-wrap:wrap}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .header-widget,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{flex-basis:100%}.nav-float-left .has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{order:10}}
Jeolojik ve Jeomorfolojik Kökenli Ekstrem Olaylar - Coğrafya Bilimi İçeriğe atla Jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik karakterli olaylar, kaynağını yer kabuğundan veya yerin derinliklerinden alarak gelişen olaylardır. Bu olaylardan olan deprem, volkanizma, tsunami ve kütle hareketleri yeryüzünde çok büyük yıkımlara, can ve mal kayıplarına neden oluyorsa ekstrem özellik kazanırlar. Örneğin heyelan afete neden olan bir olaydır. Ancak yerleşim yeri olmayan, orman örtüsünden yoksun bir arazide oluşan heyelan ekstrem bir doğa olayı değildir.
Jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik olayların başlıcaları deprem, volkanizma, tsunami; kütle hareketleri adı verilen heyelan, kaya düşmesi ve çamur akıntısıdır.
a. DepremlerLevhaların birbirine doğru yaklaşması, birbirinden uzaklaşması ya da yan yana sürtünerek yer değiştirmesi sonucu onlarca yılda yoğun bir enerji birikimine neden olduğunu, bu enerjinin açığa çıkmasıyla depremlerin meydana geldiğini öğrenmiştiniz. Depremler sonucunda bazen tsunami, heyelan, çamur akıntısı, su seviyelerinde değişmeler olmakta ve bu olaylar canlıların zarar görmesine neden olmaktadır. Örneğin 1999 yılında ülkemizde meydana gelen 7.4 şiddetindeki Marmara Depremi ile 2008 yılında Çin’de meydana gelen 7.9 şiddetindeki deprem sonucu binlerce insan yaşamını yitirmiş, birçok yapı yıkılmış, büyük ölçüde maddi zararlar gerçekleşmiştir. En fazla can kaybının yaşandığı deprem ise 1556’da Shensi (Şensi-Çin)’de meydana gelmiştir. Bu depremde
830 bin kişi yaşamını yitirmiştir. 1939’da Erzincan’da yaşanan 8.0 şiddetindeki depremde ise şehir yerle bir olmuş, 30 bin insan yaşamını yitirmiştir. Yeryüzünde yaşanan en şiddetli deprem ise 22 Mayıs 1960’da Güney Şili’de olmuştur. Richter (Rihter) ölçeğine göre 9.5 şiddetinde olan bu deprem sonucu sekiz yanardağ patlaması olmuş, depremnedeniyle oluşan tsunami, Hawai (Hıvai) ve Japonya’ya kadar etkili olmuştur. 11 Mart 2011 tarihinde Japonya’nın kuzeyinde meydana gelen 8.9 büyüklüğündeki deprem sonrasında ise büyük bir tsunami meydana gelmiş, bu olay çok fazla can ve mal kayıplarına neden olmuştur.
b. Volkanik OlaylarYer kabuğunun ekstrem durumlarından biri de volkanik faaliyetlerdir. Volkanik patlamalar sonucu yeryüzü çok kısa bir süre içinde değişebilmektedir. Bu patlamalar, bazen yalnızca gazların uyguladığı basınçlarla meydana gelir ve çok büyük patlamalar sonucunda maar adı verilen büyük çanaklar oluşur. Bazen patlamanın ardından sıvı ve katı materyaller çıkar ve geniş bir alana yayılır (1.16.Fotoğraf). Günümüzde lavakıntıları altında kalmış yüzlerce km2’lik alanlar bulunmaktadır. Çıkan materyallerin üst üste birikmesi sonucunda dağlar oluşmaktadır. Volkanizmanın diğer bir etkisi ise hava koşullarına olan etkisidir. Gökyüzüne savrulan çok miktardaki toz ve gazlar, kara bulutlar oluşturmakta, bu bulutlar kül ve zararlı gazlar içeren yağışlar olarak yeryüzüne düşmektedir. Volkanik tozlar, aynı zamanda güneş ışınlarını engellediği için gerçekleştiği bölgede sıcaklıkların bir süre düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca aşırı ısınma sonucu gerçekleşen ani basınç değişimleri ise çevrede fırtınalara neden olmaktadır.
Volkanizma sonucu çıkan materyaller, geniş bir alana yayılarak yüzeydeki bitki ve hayvan topluluklarını yok etmektedir. Bazen de yerleşim birimleri volkanik materyallerle kaplanmaktadır. Örneğin MÖ 79 yılında Vezüv Yanardağı’nın patlaması sonucu çıkan materyaller, Pompei şehrini ve burada yaşayan halkı lav ve küller altında bırakmıştır (1.17. Fotoğraf). 1815’te Tambora (Endonezya)’ da gerçekleşen patlama sonucu ise 92 bin insan yaşamını yitirmiştir.
1991 yılında Pinatuba Yanardağı (Filipinler)’ndan püsküren küller ve gazlar 15-60 km yükseklikteki stratosfer tabakasına kadar ulaşmış ve rüzgârla yayılarak çok geniş alanları etkilemiştir. Bunun sonucunda iklimde bozulmalar olmuş, büyük can ve mal kaybı yaşanmıştır.
c. TsunamiOkyanus, deniz tabanı veya denize yakın bir yerde meydana gelen deprem, volkanizma gibi tektonik olaylarla ilişkili olarak tsunami adı verilen dev dalgalar meydana gelmektedir.
Bu dalgaların yüksekliği 50 metreye kadar ulaşabilmekte, hızları da ekstrem değerleri bulmaktadır. Öyle ki, suyun derin olduğu okyanusun açık bölgelerinde tsunami dalgalarının hızı satte 900 km veya daha fazla olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle yalnızca meydana geldiği yerleri değil, kilometrelerce uzaktaki kıyıları da etkilemektedir.
Tsunami en çok Büyük Okyanus’ta oluşmakta ve bu okyanusun kıyısındaki ülkelerde etkili olmaktadır. Örneğin 1960’ta Şili açıklarında meydana gelen deprem sonucu oluşan tsunami dalgaları önce binlerce km uzaktaki Hawai Adaları’nı, yaklaşık bir gün sonra da Japonya kıyılarını etkilemiştir. Aynı şekilde 2004 yılında Endonezya’da meydana gelen deprem sonucunda oluşan tsunami, Güneydoğu Asya kıyılarında büyük bir felakete neden olmuştur. Bu dalgalar, Afrika kıyılarına kadar ulaşmıştır. Bunun sonucunda da çok sayıda insan yaşamını yitirmiş ve birçok yerleşim birimi yerle bir olmuştur. 1883 yılında Sumatra ve Java Adaları’nda yaklaşık 36.500 insanın yaşamına mal olan ve yüksekliği 35 m’yi geçen tsunaminin nedeni ise Endonezya’daki Krakaua (Kakua) Yanardağı’nın püskürmesidir.
ç. Kütle Hareketleri (Heyelan ve Kaya Düşmesi)Kütle hareketleri; ayrışma ile oluşmuş malzemenin veya kaya parçalarının yerçekiminin etkisiyle yamaçlardan aşağıya doğru yavaş veya hızlı bir şekilde yer değiştirme olayıdır. Yamaç dengesinin bozulması bu olayın meydana gelmesinin en önemli nedenidir. Yamaç dengesinin bozulmasında ise tektonik, meterolojik olaylar ve çeşitli beşerî faktörler etkili olmaktadır.
Yağışlar ya da kar erimeleriyle suya doygun hâle gelen toprak kütleleri, eğimin fazla olmasından dolayı yamaç boyunca kaymaktadır. Kütle hareketlerinden biri olan heyelan olayı sonucu çok kısa süre içinde yerşekilleri değişmekte, can ve mal kayıpları yaşanmaktadır. Heyelan, meydana geldiği bölgede aynı zamanda bitki ve hayvanların yok olmasına neden olmaktadır. Heyelanlardan bazıları akarsu vadilerinde gerçekleşir. Bu durumda akarsuyun önü kapanmakta, geride biriken sular göl oluşturmaktadır. Yeryüzünde bu şekilde oluşmuş çok sayıda göl bulunmaktadır. Örneğin Tortum Vadisi’nde meydana gelen heyelan sonucu Tortum Gölü oluşmuş, gölden taşan sular 48 metre yüksekliğinde bir çağlayan meydana getirmiştir.
Marmara Denizi’nde yapılan araştırmalar, en büyük heyelanların bu denizin içinde gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymuştur. Depremlerin etkisiyle gerçekleşen heyelanlar sonucu, büyük toprak kütleleri yer değiştirmiş ve dev dalgaların oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Baraj göllerinin yamaçlarında meydana gelen heyelanlar sonucunda da barajlar dolmakta ve sel felaketi yaşanmaktadır. Örneğin 1970 yılında İtalya’nın Vaiont (Vajont) Barajı’nda, 7.5 şiddetindeki depremden dolayı heyelan oluşmuş; heyelan sonucunda sel meydana gelmiş ve yaklaşık 2000 kişi yaşamını yitirmiştir. 1988 yılında Trabzon’da gerçekleşen Çatak Heyelanı sonucunda ise elliye yakın insan yaşamını yitirmiş, bir köy yok olmuştur.
Eğimli yamaçlarda bulunan büyük kaya blokları yer çekimine bağlı olarak meyil doğrultusunda aşağıya doğru düşer. Bu olay bazen kaya bloklarının fiziksel ve kimyasal etkilerle bozulma ve parçalanmaya bağlı olarak kendiliğinden olur. Bazen de depremler, volkanik faaliyetler, aşırı yağışlar gibi dış etkenlere bağlı olarak gerçekleşir.
Farklı boyutlarda ve genellikle aniden gerçekleşen kaya düşmesi yağışların fazla olduğu mevsimlerde daha sık görülmektedir. Kaya düşmesi yerleşim yerleri yakınında olması durumunda ev ve iş yerlerinde hasarlara hatta can kaybına sebep olabilmektedir. Ayrıca çoğu zaman düşen kayalar yolları kapatarak ulaşımın aksamasına neden olmaktadır.
reklamı kapat
x